General anaesthesia
Anesthesia Induction & Maintenance Use calibrated vaporizer Induction: 1.5-3% can produce surgical anesthesia in 7-10 minutes Maintenance: 1-2.5% with nitrous oxide Additional 0.5-1% may be needed if given with oxygen alone
Safety & efficacy not established
Known or suspected susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia. Porphyria.
Isoflurane, a volatile halogenated anaesthetic, causes a reversible loss of consciousness and pain sensations, suppression of voluntary motor activity, modification of autonomic reflexes, and depression of the respiratory and the CV system.
Perioperative hyperkalaemia; raised intracranial pressure. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Pregnancy and lactation. Do not allow carbon dioxide absorbents in anaesthetic apparatus to dry out when delivering isoflurane to minimise the risk of developing elevated carboxyhaemoglobin levels. Lactation: use caution
1-10% Nausea,Vomiting,Shivering <1% Dose-dependent hypotension,Arrhythmias,Malignant hyperthermia (rare),Elevations in white blood count,May decrease creatinine and increase BUN,Ileus, severe (fatal),Hepatic dysfunction (postoperative period) (rare),Respiratory depression may occur (rare)
Enhances effects of neuromuscular blockers. May sensitise the myocardium to adrenaline and other sympathomimetics. Enhances hypotensive effects of ACE inhibitors, TCAs, MAOIs, antihypertensives, antipsychotics or beta-blockers. May have synergistic effects with CNS depressants.